Nutrition therapy remains a major component of the management of all types of diabetes, both during and outside pregnancy. Evidence supporting a specific dietary pattern or macronutrient composition of the diet for gestational diabetes remains controversial and is even more lacking in type 1 diabetes. Despite an increasing number of pregnancies complicated by T1DM, there have been virtually no RCTs examining diet in this group in the past 3 decades since the St Vincents declaration. Evidence for outcomes of pregnancy in T1DM is also scant. Nutrition therapy revolves around provision of adequate carbohydrate for maternal and foetal requirements, optimisation of glycaemic control, whilst ensuring overall nutritional adequacy for pregnancy. Weight gain within the recommendations adopted by RANZCOG is also a goal. Challenges to achieving these goals will be discussed in this presentation.